Tag: GDP

MLLG

The Trillion Dollar Question

George Noga

The Trillion Dollar Question 

– It’s readers’ turn to decide how to reduce the deficit

GEORGE NOGA

Jan 28, 2024

Over the years, I have presented many different and (hopefully) compelling ways to put the US spending crisis into proper perspective. Now it is your turn. Following is the government spending for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. These are real numbers – actual dollars out the door – not projections or estimates.

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  • Health care programs¹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.6 trillion
  • Social Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.5 trillion
  • Discretionary non-defense . . . . . . . . . . $1.0 trillion
  • Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.8 trillion
  • Interest on the national debt . . . . . . . . $0.7 trillion
  • Other mandatory spending² . . . . . . . . $0.5 trillion
  • Total federal government spending . . $6.1 trillion

Other relevant numbers are GDP $26.2 trillion, government debt $33.7 trillion and the debt to GDP ratio 129%. Let’s stipulate the goal is to freeze the debt ratio at its present level of 129%. This is the dead minimum necessary to prevent a death spiral.

If GDP grows this FY by 3% to $27.0 trillion, the maximum debt must be no more than $34.8 trillion (34.8/27.0=129%). This means the total debt cannot increase by more than $1.1 trillion (33.7+1.1=34.8). Since the annual deficit is running at $1.7 trillion, that means $0.6 trillion of spending must be cut (1.7-1.1=0.6). We aren’t finished.

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Interest on the debt will increase this year by $0.2 trillion due to higher rates and more borrowing. Social Security and health care expenses are ballooning due to adverse demographics. To cut to the chase, immediate spending cuts of one trillion dollars ($1,000,000,000,000.00) are needed simply to freeze the ratio at 129%. Moreover, this does not solve our debt problem, it merely keeps it from getting worse.

It’s Your Turn; Where Would You Cut $1 Trillion?

So, where would you cut $1 trillion? You can’t cut interest on the debt; that would result in default. Do you cut defense spending given the dangerous geopolitical situation? Do you cut pensions and the VA? If you don’t cut Social Security or Medicare (political suicide), that leaves only discretionary non defense spending (cost of running the government) which coincidentally was $1 trillion last fiscal year.

So, it is up to you. Where do you cut one trillion dollars immediately? The old canard of cutting waste, fraud and abuse won’t fly – it is endemic and impossible to cut due to the nature of government. Raising taxes is a possibility and plausibly could be one (small) part of the solution. However, higher taxes stifle economic growth, which reduces tax collections, which increases the deficit, which leads to more tax hikes and results in a vicious circle. The problem is not low taxes, it is out of control spending.

If We Don’t Cut Voluntarily, Markets Will Do It For Us

If we do not make the spending cuts needed to freeze the debt ratio, the markets will do it for us by blowing up the market for US Treasury securities, i.e. buyers no longer would be willing to finance America’s deficit because they believe (correctly) that they would not be repaid in full.³ There are only three possibilities.

  1. The Fed prints money (most likely scenario) which leads to hyperinflation
  2. Draconian tax increases (carbon, VAT) which make the US economy a basket case
  3. The US defaults on its debt

Foreign holdings of US debt have plunged by 35% from ten years ago, In November, there were not enough buyers and Treasury was unable to sell all the debt it wanted. Who will be the last person on Earth to buy US government bonds?

One way or another, the spending cuts are inevitable and America will be forever changed. Imagine the political and societal chaos that would result from drastic cuts to Social Security, Medicare and all other government programs. America will suffer a lost generation and become a European style no-growth welfare state where people lead lives of quiet desperation.

If something cannot go on forever, it won’t!

1. Includes Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP (Children’s Health) and ACA (Obamacare)
2. Includes government pensions, VA and veterans benefits
3. This already has begun. Some buyers are refusing to buy 30-year bonds and have forced the Treasury to shorten the duration of the bonds it issues.
© 2024 George Noga
More Liberty – Less Government, Post Office Box 916381
Longwood, FL 32791-6381, Email: mllg@cfl.rr.com
MLLG

Cabbages, Kings, VATs and IRAs

George Noga

Uncle Sam is coming for your IRA

GEORGE NOGA – MAY 7, 2023

My last post (April 30) about the spending crisis showed the government would need $900B in 2023 to stabilize the Debt/GDP ratio at around 100%. The national debt held by the public is $25T, soon to be $30T. Not uncoincidentally, US retirement assets including IRAs, 401(k)s and pensions total $30T – more about this infra.

When the spending crisis attains critical mass in a few years, the government, facing the mother of all crises, will desperately seek honeypots; after all, why let a ginormous crisis go to waste? After racking my brain, I can identify only three honeypots big enough to matter; these are retirement assets, a carbon tax and a VAT.

Raising Tax Rates and Cutting Costs Won’t Work

First, we must eliminate the two most obvious honeypots – higher marginal income tax rates and less spending; neither is big enough . The income tax is organically incapable of raising more revenue because of Hauser’s Law, which states that income tax revenue, regardless of tax rates, always is 18% of GDP – marginally higher or lower during booms and busts. Whether tax rates are 92% as they were in the 1950s, or 28% as they were under President Reagan, the government collects the same 18% of GDP. Note: Hauser’s Law works because people adjust their behavior as tax rates change.

It is possible to cut spending, but not near enough to come close to freezing the debt ratio. Reductions of $900B are needed and the only way to get there by cutting costs is to savage Social Security, Medicare and most other government programs. To realize savings of $900B would require 30% across-the-board cuts in all programs including Social Security and Medicare, excepting only defense and interest on the debt.

Value Added Tax (VAT)

For a VAT to raise $900B, the rate would have to be around 20% and would cost $7,000 per year per household. Since lower-income households likely would be exempt, the effective cost would exceed $10,000 per year per affected household. Politicians have proposed VATs before. Paul Ryan’s Roadmap contained a VAT as did Herman Cain’s 9-9-9 plan; one of those nines was a VAT – and those were putatively conservative Republicans. If you think a VAT is farfetched, think again. Politicians like VATs because they are stealth taxes, embedded in everything we buy.

Carbon Tax

A carbon tax, part of a cap and trade scheme, comes with political advantages. It also is a stealth tax, passed on to consumers by utility companies. It can be touted as a way to combat global warming and it can be targeted at higher income cohorts for class warfare. A carbon tax can start out small and easily be ramped up.

IRAs, 401(k)s and Pensions

The biggest (by far) honeypot is pension assets. The Secure Act got the camel’s nose under the tent by requiring annuities be offered in all retirement plans – a precursor to mandatory annuitization, whereby government seizes IRAs in exchange for a government annuity. Think this is farfetched? Poland, Hungary, Ireland, Bulgaria and France, through one artifice or another, have seized money from pension assets. In the end, Uncle Sam, like Willy Sutton, must go where the money is; that’s your IRA.

Putting it All Together

As the nation is rent amidst the chaos and anarchy of the spending crisis, Americans will be of a mindset to go along with any government actions offering hope. Likely there will be a combination of actions such as listed below. Remember, it must amount to at least $7,000 for every household, every year with no ending point.

  • Enact a VAT at a modest teaser rate and then rapidly jack up the rate
  • Attack pension assets, such as requiring a portion be invested in government bonds, capping the size of accounts and forced annuitization
  • Pass a (cap and trade) carbon tax that will cause power bills to skyrocket
  • Make small, mostly cosmetic and back-end loaded, spending cuts
  • Raise Social Security age to 70, convert Medicare to a premium support model

Sadly, it won’t be enough; at best, it buys us a few more years. Even if we find the $900B to freeze the ratio, we have not solved the problem; we have merely stopped it from getting worse. Moreover, the added taxes will gravely harm economic growth; we will be caught up in a vicious circle. America will become a no-growth European-style welfare state; our country will be forever changed and our children and children’s children will be relegated to lives of quiet desperation.

 

Thanks for reading More Liberty – Less Government!

© 2023 George Noga
More Liberty – Less Government, Post Office Box 916381
Longwood, FL 32791-6381, Email: mllg@cfl.rr.com

Continuing Coverage of the Spending Crisis . . . Debt Ratio Above 100% – Attains Critical Mass

George Noga

The debt ratio will be 175% by the time of the US semiquincentennial in 2026

Continuing Coverage of the Spending Crisis . . .

Debt Ratio Above 100% – Attains Critical Mass

By: George Noga – February 7, 2021

The two issues we have written about for the longest time and also the most frequently are manmade climate change and the spending crisis. Ironically, the issue that is real (spending) and is certain to result in disaster is not taken seriously by progressives and the media. Concomitantly, these same groups regard the issue that is phony (climate) as an existential threat to humanity. They have it completely bass ackward.

We last wrote about the spending crisis on May 3, 10 and 17, 2020 and in a four-part series beginning April 8, 2019. These are available on our website (www.mllg.us). Our headline uses the term critical mass in its scientific sense. There is now enough fuel (debt) to trigger a chain reaction which becomes self-sustaining. That is illustrated by the numbers shown on the lines below. But instead of trying to slow the chain reaction, politicians (with full-throated media support) are adding more and more fuel.

The debt ratio is 101%; it will hit 175% by 2026 and 250% by 2031.

The crisis explodes long before we hit 500% in 2038 or 1,000% in 2044.

We updated the numbers based on all data extant. The public debt to GDP ratio is now 101%. The ratio will hit 175% in 2026 and 250% in 2031 on its way to 500%, 1,000% and oblivion. Before 2040, annual interest on the debt will exceed GDP; the timing depends on interest rates. Our forecasts, on which the above ratios are based, have proven far more accurate than those made by government or private economists.

The debt ratios speak for themselves and don’t require sophisticated economic analysis to understand. The Titanic has hit the iceberg and there is no way to unhit it. The key question now is how much time remains until Titanic sinks. No reasonable person can look at the data and conclude there are more than five or ten years left.

Progressives tout Modern Monetary Theory as a panacea. Our 5/3/20 post, devoted entirely to MMT, provides a primer. MMT explains certain economic phenomena better than mainstream economics. Proponents of MMT assert governments can borrow more, much more, in the short term than previously thought possible without raising interest rates; however, no economists assert the borrowing can be unlimited.

Following are some of our conclusions about which we are highly confident.

– Debt crisis is moral, not economic: As a nation we chose the easy path to avoid making difficult decisions and to seek social peace with massive borrowing.

– Crisis arrives within 10 years: It is impossible to discern any viable path forward with a ratio of 250% in 2031 and heading, via self-sustaining chain reaction, for 1,000%. However, the crisis could materialize sooner – much sooner – than ten years.

– MMT buys time: MMT permits more borrowing than previously thought possible but the amounts are limited. MMT can defer the day of reckoning, but can’t prevent it.

– Crisis hits suddenly: There will be no time to react. One morning everything will seem fairly normal but by the end of the day no one will buy US government debt.

– Government will print money: Initially, government will create monopoly money. Interest rates likely will soar and inflation will take off. Pension assets are at risk.

– No end until excess debt is purged: Once begun, the crisis will persist until all excess debt is purged. This will require one generation (lost generation) and America will be a far different and much poorer country when the crisis finally abates.

Americans know better; but we chose – and continue to choose – to believe progressive politicians and talking heads who promised us the moon was Stilton, wishes were horses and pigs had wings. They promised social peace by avoiding confrontations inherent in making difficult choices. How is that working out for America?

Next on February 14th – The implosion of the population bomb.

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More Liberty Less Government – mllg@cfl.rr.com – www.mllg.us

Debt Crisis Timetable Accelerating

George Noga
When Titanic struck the iceberg, it remained afloat and the disaster was not yet apparent. However, its fate was irreversible from that moment; so it is with a 90%  debt/GDP ratio.
Debt Crisis Timetable Accelerating
By: George Noga – August 1, 2018

       I have a recurrent nightmare about an endless train, brimming with passengers and priceless cargo, slowly but inexorably hurtling along its tracks toward a bottomless abyss. The engineers, conductors, passengers and observers all know the train is going over the cliff; however, instead of trying to stop the train they are opening the throttle to speed it up. When I awake, I realize it is no nightmare; it is happening right now to the United States of America. Following are data just released by CBO and SS.

  • Social Security begins devouring reserves this year, 4 years earlier than projected last year. Reserves will be depleted in 15 years and benefits would require a 25% cut.

 

  • Medicare will be unable to pay scheduled benefits in 8 years; just during the past year this shortened by 3 years. What does that say about the integrity of the data?

 

  • Deficits average $1.5 trillion (total $15 trillion) over the next 10 years (based on current policy), raising the public debt/GDP ratio to 105% per the latest CBO estimate.

 

  • Interest on the debt will triple to just under $1 trillion per year within 10 years per the June 2018 CBO report. Debt service will soon overtake defense spending.

 

  • The really bad news is that the projections cited above, by government agencies, are wildly optimistic. None assumes a recession during the coming decade, while it is nearly certain there will be one or possibly even two. Recent projections made by private sector economists (Fortune Magazine, Cato Institute) are much worse.

       No one cares! For most Americans the problem is too abstruse; they are tired of hearing pundits cry wolf; and there is no discernable impact on their daily lives. For politicians, tackling the issue has no upside; it is all downside, including possible electoral loss. No constituency exists for reining in benefits, cutting spending or raising taxes; the political apparat favors the opposite. Each year that we dithered, the problem became more intractable and costly; now, finding a solution is virtually hopeless.

        Economists believe the point-of-no-return is a public debt to GDP ratio >90%; the World Bank says 77%. The US already is at 77% and will reach 90% much earlier than believed only months ago. The crisis doesn’t begin when we exceed 90%; it just means there is no going back. The Titanic remained afloat a long while after it struck the iceberg and the crisis was not immediately evident to those aboard. Nonetheless, the moment Titanic hit the iceberg, its fate became irreversible; so it is with a 90% ratio.

       As my nightmare continues, nothing happens until after the train goes over the cliff and we are subsumed by crisis. Panicked politicians impose a VAT, modest at first, but rapidly ramped up to European levels of 20+%. Income taxes skyrocket. Only token changes are made to entitlements. Economic growth tanks. Defense is compromised. There is a 15-25 year lost generation as we morph into a European-style welfare state. People lead lives of quiet desperation and the USA, as we know it, ceases to exist.

      There are two certainties about the impending debt crisis: (1) if something cannot go on forever, it won’t; and (2) excess debt ultimately must be purged from the system. The debt can be purged only via higher taxes, less spending (especially entitlement spending), hyperinflation or repudiation; there are no other options.

      By the time the crisis hits, a combination of new and higher taxes and spending cuts totalling $1.25 trillion per year in today’s dollars (25% of the budget) for 15 straight years will be needed just to get back to today’s 77% debt/GDP ratio. That should give you some perspective about the devastation that purging the debt will wreak on America – as well as the reason for my recurrent nightmares.

Our next post on August 10th documents great causes turning into rackets.

Into the Eye of the Debt Hurricane

George Noga

Update on the Crisis of Spending, Debt and Deficits
By: George Noga – September 20, 2014

     By some metrics the debt storm has abated. Compared to earlier deficit projections published herein, the USA is slightly better off, with the difference due entirely to the massive Obama tax increases. The deficit this FY ending September 30 is $500 billion, equal to 3% of GDP; meanwhile GDP is increasing around 2%, meaning the deficit is growing only slightly faster than the economy, a marked improvement. However, great damage already has been done; moreover, we are merely in the eye of the debt hurricane – it may appear sunnier at the moment, but the deficit storm will soon resume with even more ferocity and we will all be blown away.

The Seen and the Unseen

     The US economy already has sustained massive body blows. The reason we don’t clearly see the damage is due to the difference between the seen and unseen – or, more to the point, the difference between the reported and unreported.

  • In past recoveries following major recessions, the US economy has grown by an average of 5% for the subsequent 5 years; this results in a compound growth rate of 27.6%. Instead, we have experienced 2% compound growth yielding only 10.4%. The difference of 17.2% is the growth deficit. Simply, the average American today is 17% worse off than he/she should be; but we don’t see what should be; we only see what is. Nevertheless, the reality is that every American has been impoverished by 17% just during the past 5 years.
  • We see the increase in federal tax revenue and the concomitant reduction in the deficit. Unseen are the massive tax hikes that produced the revenue. Individual tax brackets increased with the top rate going to 39.6 % – a 13% increase. Investment related taxes were savaged with capital gains rates going from 15% to 23.8% (59% increase) and dividends from 15% to 43.4% (289% increase). Medicare taxes increased 62% and the upper limit was removed. There was a new surtax on investments of 3.8% and the death tax went from zero to 40%. New individual and employer Obamacare taxes took effect along with scores of other Obama tax hikes. The 35% corporate tax rate (world’s highest) is responsible for shifting jobs and investment abroad and businesses keeping $2 trillion overseas. The unseen effects of these massive tax increases will hobble the economy until abnegated.
  • We can see the reduction in the official unemployment rate; what is unseen is the jobs disaster that is America today. There are 12 million out of work, 12 million on disability and nearly 50 million (one in 5 households) in breadlines – err, on food stamps. The labor force participation rate hit a 35 year low. All (net) jobs being created are part time; there are legions of 29ers and 49ers. The true rate of unemployment is 15%, not the 6.2% reported.
  • We see Social Security and Medicare meeting their current obligations but we do not see the demographic time bomb looming for both programs. There is nothing on earth as certain as demographics; 77 million more boomers will retire (10,000 every day) and begin Social Security and Medicare. Spending on both these programs will grow by 8% compounded – doubling every 9 years. Within 10 years we will spend our entire budget on entitlements and interest on the debt leaving nothing left over for defense or for the rest of the government.
  • We see interest rates on federal debt hovering around record lows costing only $225 billion currently. We blissfully do not see what the interest would cost given a return to average interest rates, i.e. interest cost would increase $500 billion per year to $725 billion, or triple today’s cost. And that’s the rosy scenario. This is a no-win situation: keep rates low and the economy is grotesquely distorted and savings and investment are savaged or raise rates where they should be and the budget deficit goes thermonuclear.
  • We see government regulation exploding, uncertainty rampant and the scepter of Obamacare hanging over all of us like the sword of Damocles. We do not see the stultifying effects of all these on job creation and the economy.

     Looking at the gestalt paints a funereal picture. Average Americans already are 17% poorer over the last 5 years than they would have been in a normal economic recovery – and they will continue to get relatively poorer and poorer each year without any end in sight. The tax and regulatory burden, particularly on investment, has skyrocketed, halting new investment and job creation. Behind the “official” 6.2% unemployment rate lays a dystopian jobs nightmare; we are turning into a country of part time workers. We are reaping a demographic whirlwind still in its early stage. We are living on the razor’s edge regarding interest rates; we have a Hobson’s choice: ballooning interest costs or maintaining negative real interest rates. Finally, all this exists within a milieu of hyper-regulation, vast uncertainty and, of course, Obamacare.

Current CBO Projections for Spending, Debt and the Deficit

     Recently (July) the CBO released its latest forecast. The CBO alternate baseline forecast (its most realistic) assumed the average middle class family’s tax burden doubles over the coming generation; it also assumed no more recessions, wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters and that interest rates remain low perpetually. Despite these horrific (taxes doubling) and grossly unrealistic assumptions, the results are disastrous. The deficit increases by over $100 trillion and the CBO stops forecasting because it can’t conceive of a functioning economy under those circumstances. And all this, dear readers, is based on an uber-optimistic forecast; the reality is much, much worse!

     We have been grazing on the fiscal commons for a long time; the pasture is about to give out and the spring lambs are doomed to a life of quiet desperation. We can muddle through for a few – perhaps several – years with temporizing and half measures. Soon enough time will run out and the ineluctable tipping point (Minsky Moment) will be reached. It will get ugly for an extended period, i.e. a lost generation., Eventually, when we emerge from the rubble, we may get it right again – only because there are no other choices – and America will again enjoy more liberty and less government!